The quarrel of Apophis and Seqenenre
General Information

The story of the quarrel between the Hyksos king, Apophis and Seqenenre, the prince of Thebes is mentioned in the first pages of the Papyrus Sallier I. Eventually, this quarrel was the beginning of the liberation war, which led to the expulsion of the Hyksos from Egypt. The nature of the document has long been debated; whether a historical document or a whimsical account, populated by historical characters.

Number 10185
Storing Place The British Museum - London - United Kingdom
Material Papyrus
Type Papyrus
Type of Script Hieratic
Discovery Place Thebes - Luxor - Egypt
Historical Period The Twenty-First Dynasty – The Third Intermediate Period
Inscriptions on the Monument
Transliteration
( If the Hieroglyphic,Demotic or Hieratic text is not appearing clear, install this file )

Xp swt wn.in tA n Kmt m iAd iw nn wn nb anx wDA snb nswt hrw. xpr ist rf ir nswt %qn-n-ra anx wDA snb ssw m HqA anx wDA snb n niwt rsyt iAd m dmi ra mw iw wr Ippy anx wDA snb m @t-wart iw xrp.n.f pA tA r Dr.f Xr bAkw.sn mH(tt) m mitt Xry Xrt nbt nfrt nw &A-mHw aHa n nswt Ippy anx wDA snb.Hr irt.n.f %tX m nb iw.f tm bAk(w) n nTr nb nty m pA tA r Dr.f [wpw] %tH iw.[f] Hr qd Hwt-nTr m bAkw nfr nHH r-gs pr n [nswt] (Ip)py anx wDA snb[i]w.f (Hr) xaw ra-nb hrw r rdi mAa xsf … n mnt n %tX iw nA srw … anx wDA snb Xry mHy mi irt Hwt-nTr n pA Ra-@r-Axty Hr aqA.f ist r.f ir [nsw]t Ippy anx wDA snb i[w] ib.f r h[Ab] mdwt thA [nsw]t %qn-n-Ra [anx wDA snb pA] wr n niwt rsyt Xr[i]r [m-xt] hrw qnw Hr-sA nn wn [i]n nsw[t] Ippy anx wDA snb] Hr rdit aS.[tw.n] …. [nAy.f srwaAyw]nw pAy.f [pr] [Dd.n.f n.sn ib.i] st hAb [pA] smi n mdw[t] …..itrw[i.Dd n.f sSw rxw i[xt] …. Srw [i]ty anx wDA snb [nb.n] [imy.tw rwi.tw Hr] tA Hnt dby [wbn] st Hr dit [iwt n.n tA qd m hrw m grH] [iw xrw]. [msDr] [niwt.n] .. [wnin] n pA wr n [niwt rsyt] ….. Hna.f m nby nn hn.f [sw] n nTr nb nty m pA [tA r-Dr].f wpw Imn-Ra nswt nTrw Xr ir m-xt hrw qnw Hr-sA nn wn in nswt Ippy anx wDA snb Hr hAb n pA wr n niwt Hr rsyt pA smi n mdt I dD.n.f nAy.f sSw rxw ixt r xr ir pA wpwty n nswt[I]ppy anx wDA snb Hr spr[r] pA wr n niwt Hr rsyt wn.in tw[Hr] iTA.f m-bAH pA wr n niwt Hr rsyt wn. in tw Hr Dd n pA wpwty n nswt Ippy anx wDA snb [hA]b..k


ix r niwt rsy pH.k wi nA mSa Hr ix Wn.in pA wpwty Hr Dd.n.f m nswt Ippy anx wDA snb r hAb n.k r Dd imy tw r[wi].tw Hr tA Hnt dby nty m pA wbn n niwt pA wn bn st dit iwt n.i tA qd m Hrw m grH iw xrw. msDr niwt.f wn.in pA wr n niwt Hr rsyt Hr sgA m At aAt iw.f xpr iw bw rx.f an [smi] n pA wpwty n nswt Ippy anx wDA snb wn.in pA wr n niwt rsyt Hr Dd n.f ist rf i ir pAy.k nb anx wDA snb Hr sDm md[wt] Hr[tA Hnt dby nty m pA wbn] n niwt rsyt m p[Ay] w[n in pA wpwty] ….. [nA m]dwt i hAb.f n.i Hr.sn [wn in pA wr n niwt Hr rsyt Hr dit] iry.tw xrt n p[A wpwty] n nswt Ippy anx wDA snb m xt nfr(t) iwf Say [pA wr n niwt Hr rsyt Hr Dd.n.f] ir pA nty nb iw.k r Dd.n.f iw.i (r) ir[t].f kA.[k][n.f] [wn in pA wpwty n nswt] Ippy anx wDA snb Hr fAy.f r mSa r pA nty [pAy].f nb anx wDA snb im aHa.n pA wr n niwt rsyt Hr dit aS.tw n nAy.f srw aAy m mitt waw n Hawty swt iw.f Hr [wHm].n.sn smi nb mdwt i hAb n.f n nswt Ippy anx wDA snb Hr.sn aHa.n gr m-r-wa m At aA nn rx.sn Hr wSb n.f m nfr m r pw bin wn in nswt Ippy anx wDA snb Hr hAb n ………


Translation

It happened once that the land of Egypt was in pestilence and there was no lord, l.p.h., or king of the time. But it happened that while king Seqenenre l.p.h. acted as ruler l.p.h. of the southern city, pestilence was in the city of Re, and chief Apophis l.p.h. was in Avaris. He had put the entire land under taxation, the North as well bringing all the fine products of the Delta. Then king Apophis l.p.h. made Seth his lord, he never served any other god in the entire land except Seth, and he built a temple of fine and enduring work beside the House of [king A]pophis l.p.h. andn [there] he appeared [every] day to make the daily sacri[fice] to Seth, while the courtiers [of the palace] l.p.h. carried garlands, exactly as it is done in the temple of Re-her-akhty. Now king A[pophis] l.p.h. desired to [sen]d insulting messages king Seqenenre [l.p.h., the ] prince of the Southern City. Now [after] many days had passed, k[ing Apophis, l.p.h.] summon[ed the princes and the courtier]s of his [palace, and he said to them, behold ye! My wish is to send ……….. Verbal report ……… river …….. Then said [the] scribes the wise men ….. [The princes …. “[O sov]ereign l.p.h., [our lord, say thus: keep away with the] hippopotamus pool [which is on the east of the city, for] they prevent [us sleeping day and n]ight,[(their) noise [being in the ears of our city ……. “th]en the prince of the Southern Ci[ty] …… with him as protector. He did not trust in any other god in the en[tire land], except Amunre, king of the gods. Now after many days had passed, king Apophis, l.p.h., sent to the prince of the Southern City the verbal message (that) his scribes and wise men had proposed to him. When the messenger of king Apophis, l.p.h., arrived at the Southern City, he was taken into the presence of the prince of the Southern City. Then they said to the messenger of king Apophis, l.p.h., “why have you made this journey?”. Then the messenger said to him. “king Apophis, l.p.h., sends to you, saying: keep away from the hippopotamus-pool, which is on the east of the city, for they prevent me sleeping day and night, (their) noise being in the ears of his city. Then the prince of the Southern City was silent for a long time; and he found himself unable to answer the messenger of king Apophis, l.p.h. Then the prince of the Southern City said to him, How has your master, l.p.h., heard of the Hippopotamus pool which is on t[he [east of the Southern City?. [Then the messenger said to him “…….] the matters for which he sent me. [Then the prince of the Southern City had] fine provisions assigned to the [messenger of King Apophis, l.p.h.] of meat and cakes [and …….., and the prince of the Southern City said to him, say to]your [master], whatever you say to me, I will do! Tell [him that” ….] [Then the messenger of king Apophis betook himself to journey to the place where his master, l.p.h., was. Thereupon the prince of the Southern City summoned his magnates and all the soldiers and army officers, and he repeated to them every matter that king Apophis, l.p.h., had sent to him about. Thereupon they were silent with one accord, for a long time. They could answer him either good or bad. Then king Apophis, l.p.h., sent to [the prince of the Southern City again saying ……”] (end of the papyrus).

Scientific Publishing

W. K. Simpson, (ed.), The Literature of Ancient Egypt, (New Haven and London, 1973), 77
سليم حسن، مصر القديمة، موسوعة الأدب المصري، ج17(القاهرة، 2000)، 105 -109